8/27/2023 0 Comments Induced pluripotent![]() Platelets in wound healing and regenerative medicine. Transfusion guidelines: When to transfuse. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 78(3), 796–799. ![]() Separation, Concentration, and Transfusion of Platelets. (2019). 66 - Stem Cell-Derived Platelets, in Platelets (Fourth Edition), A.D. Platelet refractoriness–practical approaches and ongoing dilemmas in patient management. Platelet biology and functions: New concepts and clinical perspectives. Immortalize MK Progenitor Cell Line MK-FOP:Īntibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity FNAIT:įetal/neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia PTP: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ES-sacs:Ĭanine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells imMKCLs: Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury UCB: Platelets Transfusion Refractoriness TRALI: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells PLTs: This review will focus on how to progress of in vitro generation of PLT from stem cell especially iPSCs and some of the successful strategies that can be easily used in clinic will be described. Due to new advances in development of MK cell lines, bioreactors, feeder cell-free production and the ability of large scale generation, iPSC-based PLTs are moving toward clinical applicability and considering the minimal risk of alloimmunization and tumorigenesis of these products, there is great hopefulness they will become the standard source for blood transfusions in the future. Moreover, iPSCs can be acquired from any donor and easily manipulated. They are able to differentiate into any cells and have the capacity of self-renewal. iPSCs are considered as an ideal unlimited source for PLT production. But ESCs have ethical issues related to destroying human embryos. Alternative sources can be ESCs which have unlimited expansion capacity. However, HSCs are a limited source for PLT production and large-scale expansion of HSC-derived PLT remains difficult. Currently several cells have been considered as source to in vitro production of PLTs such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Overcoming these obstacles is possible with in vitro production of human PLTs. PLT transfusion is donor‐dependent way which have limitations including the inadequate donor blood supply, poor quality, and issues related to infection and immunity. PLT transfusion is standard therapy to prevent hemorrhage. An increased understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying pluripotency and refining the methodology of iPS cell generation will have a profound impact on future development and application in regenerative medicine and reproductive biotechnology of farm animals.Ĭhimera Gene delivery Germline transmission Induced pluripotent stem cells Large animal models Reprogramming Stemness.Platelets (PLTs) are small anucleate blood cells that release from polyploidy megakaryocytes(MKs). We also highlight problems associated with the generation of iPS cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of cellular reprogramming and current methods used to induce pluripotency. Non-integration methods have been reported to overcome the safety concerns associated with retro and lentiviral-derived iPS cells, such as transient expression of the reprogramming factors using episomal plasmids, and direct delivery of reprogramming mRNAs or proteins. Multiple viral integrations into the genome may cause insertional mutagenesis and may increase the risk of tumour formation. Most induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated by retroviral or lentiviral transduction of reprogramming factors. The recently established technology to generate an induced pluripotency status by ectopic co-expression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc allows to extending these applications to farm animal species, for which the derivation of genuine embryonic stem cells was not successful so far. Via blastocyst complementation, pluripotent cells are a favoured tool for the generation of genetically modified mice. Pluripotent cells also allow to study developmental pathways, and to employ them or their differentiated cell derivatives in pharmaceutical testing and biotechnological applications. These features provide the basis for an unlimited cell source for innovative cell therapies. Pluripotent stem cells are unspecialized cells with unlimited self-renewal, and they can be triggered to differentiate into desired specialized cell types.
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